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Freemasonry in Germany
Freemasonry in Germany started in several places during the second quarter of the Eighteenth century. After the extinction of the Rite of Strict Observance, which had a wide following and claimed Templar origins for its higher degrees, the several Grand Lodges in Germany defied all attempts at unification, although a largely ineffectual central organisation came into being with the unification of Germany. During the 1920s Freemasons were harassed alongside Jews by those taken in by the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, and blamed for the German surrender of 1918. This culminated with the suppression of Freemasonry by the Nazis in 1935, with many Masons in Germany and occupied countries being executed or sent to concentration camps. Freemasonry returned to Germany after World War Two. A single central body now represents five "regular" Grand Lodges., Liberal, women's, and mixed lodges also exist.
== Origins ==
Even before there were lodges in Germany, Germans were becoming Freemasons in English lodges. One of the earliest was Albert Wolfgang, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. In 1729 Count Thuanus was appointed Envoy Extraordinary of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Provincial Grand Master of Lower Saxony by the Premier Grand Lodge of England with the aim of establishing lodges in Germany. No activity for this Provincial Grand Master is known. In 1733 'eleven German Gentlemen' in London were admitted to Freemasonry and received permission to found a lodge in Hamburg. There is no evidence that anything came of this, either.〔J. G. Findel, ''History of Freemasonry'', 1717-1783 Germany, pp238-312, 2nd edition in English, London, 1869〕
It was only on December 6, 1737 that the Grand Master's Deputies of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Electorate of Brandenburg Hamburg founded a lodge. This first German lodge was called ''Loge d'Hambourg''〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.absalom.de/geschichte/ )〕 but did not belong to any Grand Lodge. Its second master went to the London Grand Lodge in 1743 and registered it as lodge number 108, returning with the title of ''Provincial Grand Master''. Later that year the lodge was named ''Absalom zu den drei Nesseln''. In 1738 ''Loge aux trois aigles blancs'' was founded in Dresden by Count Rutowski. It had such a large intake that two more lodges emerged from it within two years.〔Robert Freke Gould, ''A concise History of Freemasonry'', New York & London, 1904, pp455-471〕
By 1754 a total of 19 lodges were founded in Germany. Gradually, provincial, grand and mother lodges emerged, such as the Provincial Grand Lodge of Hamburg in 1740, the Mother Lodge l'Union of Frankfurt in 1741, the Grand Lodge of Upper Saxony in 1741 and the Grand Royal Mother Lodge ''The Three Globes'' in 1744.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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